Type 1 diabetes: clinical review

Content developed by MIMS Learning http://www.mimslearning.co.uk/

INTRODUCTION

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) affects around 1 in 300 people in the UK, but its prevalence is increasing. It can develop at any point in childhood but can also arise in adults, where it is often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes.

This resource gives an overview of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, how to make the diagnosis, preventing complications and reducing mortality. Key learning points for healthcare professionals include identifying latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, suitable investigations and screening patients for neuropathy.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completing this activity, you should be better able to:

• Diagnose T1DM, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and monogenic diabetes
• Conduct appropriate investigations in a patient with T1DM, including urea and electrolytes, blood pressure and thyroid function tests.
• Describe the different formulations of insulin
• Understand when to screen for the diabetic triopathy – retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy

AUTHORS

Professor Rayaz A Malik, Professor of medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar, Honorary professor of medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine,

Manchester Royal Infirmary and University of Manchester;

Dr Shazli Azmi, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals Trust; and Dr Uazman Alam, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals Trust